Uso de abreviaturas nos registros de enfermagem em um hospital de ensino / Use of abbreviations in the nursing records of a teaching hospital

Avaliar a utilização de abreviaturas nos registros de enfermagem de um hospital de ensino descrevendoseu perfil nos diferentes setores, turnos de trabalho e categorias profissionais de enfermagem. Métodos: estudodocumental analisou 627 registros de enfermagem em 24 prontuários utilizando um roteiro de observaçãosistematizado. Resultados: foram identificadas 1.792 abreviaturas, sendo 35,8% não padronizadas. A incidênciade abreviaturas foi maior na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, utilizadas pelos enfermeiros e no período noturno.Conclusão: abreviaturas fazem parte do cotidiano dos registros de enfermagem. O uso de abreviaturas nãopadronizadas dificulta a compreensão do conteúdo do registro e pode gerar interpretações equivocadas ecolocar em risco a segurança do usuário, além de comprometer a continuidade do trabalho laboral...

Prolonged Tp-e Interval, Tp-e/QT Ratio and Tp-e/QTc Ratio in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Cardiac electrical inhomogeneity may be the leading cause of the increased arrhythmic risk in patients with T2DM. The peak and the end of the T wave (Tp-e) interval and associated Tp-e/QT ratio are promising measures of ventricular repolarization indicating transmural dispersion of repolarization. The aim of this study was to assess ventricular repolarization in patients with T2DM by using Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/corrected QT interval (QTc) ratio. METHODS: Forty-three patients with T2DM and 43 healthy control subjects, matched by gender and age, were studied. All participants underwent electrocardiography (ECG) recording. PR, RR and QT intervals represents the ECG intervals. These are not abbreviations. In all literature these ECG intervals are written like in this text. Tp-e intervals were measured from 12-lead ECG. Rate QTc was calculated by using the Bazett's formula. Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were also calculated. RESULTS: Mean Tp-e interval was significantly prolonged in patients with T2DM compared to controls (79.4±10.3, 66.4±8.1 ms, respectively; P<0.001). We also found significantly higher values of Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio in patients with diabetes than controls (0.21±0.03, 0.17±0.02 and 0.19±0.02, 0.16±0.02, respectively; P<0.001). There was no difference in terms of the other ECG parameters between the groups. CONCLUSION: Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio and Tp-e/QTc ratio were prolonged in patients with T2DM. We concluded that T2DM leads to augmentation of transmural dispersion of repolarization suggesting increased risk for ventricular arrhythmogenesis.

Effect of extramucin pools in gastric cancer patients

PURPOSE: Mucinous gastric adenocarcinoma (MGC) is defined by the World Health Organization as a gastric adenocarcinoma with >50% extracellular mucin pools within the tumors. In this study, we attempted to analyze the clinicopathologic features of patients pathologically diagnosed as gastric cancer with lower than 50% tumor volume of extracellular mucin pool adenocarcinoma (LEMPC). We compared MGC versus nonmucinous gastric adenocarcinoma (NMGC). We were used in abbreviations LEMPC for NMGC including extracellular mucin pool. METHODS: Files of 995 patients with gastric cancer NMGC (n = 935), MGC (n = 20), LEMPC (n = 40) who underwent curative resection at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital from December 2008 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All pathologic reports after curative resection and evaluated clinicopathologic features were reviewed to identify the effect of extracellular mucin pools in gastric cancer. RESULTS: Compared with the NMGC patients, the clinicopathological features of MGC patients were as follows: more frequent open surgery, larger tumor size, more advanced T stage and N stage, more positive lymph node metastasis, and perineural invasion. LEMPC patients showed similar features compared with NMGC patients. MGC and LEMPC patients showed similar clinicopathological features, except T stage and lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: LEMPC can be thought of as a previous step of MGC. It is reasonable to consider LEMPC patients in the diagnostic criteria of MGC, and to adequately treat.

Ciento cincuenta palabras y expresiones inglesas de traducción difícil o engañosa en dermatología / One-hundred fifty english words and expressions in dermatologý that present difficulties or pitfalls for translation into spanish

Cada año se acuñan en inglés tecnicismos neológicos por millares, que hemos de importar rápidamenteen español con la máxima precisión, claridad, rigor y corrección si queremos que nuestro idioma sigasiendo útil como lengua de cultura y nos permita expresar la medicina actual.En 1999, el autor publicó en Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas un extenso «Glosario dermatológico de dudas inglés-español» integrado por más de medio millar de palabras y expresiones inglesas de traducción difícil en dermatología.Nueve años después, el presente glosario viene a ampliar el glosario original con nuevas palabras o expresionesinglesas no comentadas entonces. El autor recopila y comenta 150 neologismos y tecnicismosdermatológicos en inglés que plantean problemas de traducción o suscitan dudas de uso en español, para los queofrece propuestas razonadas de traducción.En la mayor parte de los casos, las propuestas de traducción van sólidamente fundamentadas y acompañadas decomentarios detallados sobre el uso habitual entre médicos, las normas ortográficas básicas de nuestro idioma,las recomendaciones oficiales de las nomenclaturas normalizadas y los principales organismos internacionales,así como la necesidad de precisión y claridad que debe caracterizar a todo lenguaje científico (AU)

Every year, thousands of technical neologisms are coined in English and must be rapidly importedinto the Spanish language with the utmost precision, clarity, rigor, and linguistic correctness for Spanish toremain useful as a language of culture and learning that allows us to express the medicine of today. In 1999, theauthor published an extensive Glossary of Doubts in English-Spanish Translation of Dermatology that containedmore than 500 words and expressions in dermatology that present difficulties in translation. Nine years later,the original glossary has been extended to include new English words and expressions that were not covered atthat time. The author compiles and discusses 150 dermatological neologisms and technical terms in Englishthat present problems for translation into Spanish or generate doubts regarding their use in that language, andoffers reasoned proposals for their translation. The proposed translations are well founded and reflect thenecessity for accuracy and clarity that should characterize all scientific language. In most cases, they areaccompanied by detailed comments on normal usage among physicians, orthographic rules in Spanish, andofficial guidelines based on standardized nomenclature and the recommendations of the main internationalorganizations (AU)

El registro de enfermería: un sistema de comunicación / The nursing register: a communication system

Objetivo. Identificar el número, el tipo y la adecuación de las abreviaturas que se utilizan al escribir los comentarios evolutivos (CE) y el informe de enfermería al alta (IEA) en una unidad de hospitalización. Método. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en una unidad de hospitalización del Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid durante el mes de noviembre de 2004. Se analizó una muestra de CE e IEA generados para los pacientes ingresados en la unidad analizada durante el período de estudio. Resultados. Se revisaron 75 episodios en los que se identificaron 405 abreviaturas/siglas y 9 símbolos diferentes, de un total de 1.201. El 85,7% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 81,9-88,8) de las abreviaturas no estaba incluido en el Diccionario de siglas médicas y otras abreviaturas. Para el 58,5% (IC del 95%, 53,7-63,2) de los términos abreviados se utilizaban varias abreviaturas diferentes; la mediana de abreviaturas distintas por término fue de 5 (P25: 2; P75: 4). Conclusiones. Un alto porcentaje de las abreviaturas utilizadas no está reconocido. En la mayoría de las ocasiones su significado se debe deducir por el contexto. Aunque se halló un pequeño porcentaje de abreviaturas en los IEA, en éste se debería prescindir de su uso

Objective. To identify the number, type, and appropriateness of abbreviations used to write nurse clinical charts (CC) and nursing discharge reports (NDR) in an inpatient unit. Method. We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study in an inpatient unit in the Hospital Clínico San Carlos in Madrid in November 2004. A sample of the CCs and NDRs of patients admitted to the unit during the period studied was analyzed. Results. We analyzed 75 episodes, in which 405 abbreviations/acronyms and 9 different symbols were identified among a total of 1,201. Most of the abbreviations (85.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 81.9-88.8) were not included in the "Dictionary of medical abbreviations and other acronyms". For more than half of the abbreviated terms (58.5%; 95% CI: 53.7-63.2) several different abbreviations were used; the median number of abbreviations for the same term was 5 (P25: 2; P75: 4). Conclusions. A high percentage of the abbreviations used were nonstandard and their meaning had to be deduced from the context. Although only a small percentage of abbreviations were found in the NDRs, abbreviations should not be used in this type of document

Abreviações médicas em urologia e cirurgia pediátrica: um estudo comparativo de formações regulares com as existentes na linguagem médica / Medical abbreviations in pediatric urulogy and pediatric surgery: a comparative study on regular formations and current ones in the medical language

É comum o uso de abreviações em medicina. Contudo, numerosas formações existentes na linguagem médica são questionáveis por se desviarem das normas segundo o registro gramatical normativo. Como formas de redução, existem siglas, abreviaturas e símbolos. Como norma, as siglas são formadas pelo conjunto das letras iniciais dos nomes que compõem uma expressão e abreviatura formação feita com a primeira sílaba da palavra, seguida da consoante inicial da sílaba seguinte, seguida de ponto: art. (artigo), lab. (laboratório), lat. (latim), jul. (julho). Símbolos são abreviações desprovidas de ponto abreviativo e de indicação de plural. É comum a formação de siglas a abreviaturas com utilização das letras iniciais de componentes vocabulares como em ECG (eletrocardiograma), Hgb (hemoglobina), cça (criança). Os autores apresentam um breve glossário de reduções de termos médicos em que se comparam as formas regulares com as formas comumente usadas. Foram escolhidos textos de urologia pediátrica como exemplário específico. Conclui-se que, embora as formas existentes na linguagem médica sejam legítimas por seu amplo uso, convém observar as formações regulares para seu uso em relatos científicos formais sempre que for possível.

The usage of abbreviations in the medical language is very common. However, a plenty of formations existing in the medical language is questionable because they are off the norms as normative gramatical register. As reduction forms, there are sigles, abbreviations and symbols. As a rule, the sigles are formed by a conjuntion of inicial letters of the terms which make up an expression and the abbreviation is a formation made up with the first syllab of the word, which is followed by the first consonant of the next syllab and a period: art. (article), lab. (laboratory), lat. (latin), Jul. (July). Symbols are abbreviations without abbreviative period or plural indications. It is usual the formation of sigles and abbreviations with utilization of the inicial letters of vocabular compounds as in ECG (eletrocardiogram), Hgb (hemoglobin), cça (criança). The authors present a brief glossary of reductions of medical terms in which the regular forms are comproved ordinarilly used forms. Texts on pediatric urology were chosen as an especific exemplary. One conclude that, although the existing forms in the medical language are legitimate as to their wide usage, is convenient to observe the regular formations because of its usage in the cientific formal reports whenever it is possible.

Propuesta de una nueva adaptación del acrónimo RADAR / Proposal for a new adaptation of the acronym RADAR

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Un poco más de estilo

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Abreviaturas, símbolos y expresiones de dosis asociados a errores de medicación / Drug safety. Error-prone abbreviations, symbols and dose designations

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Las siglas: ¿debemos aceptarlas? / Abbreviations: must we accept them?

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Practical Guide to Medical English Abbreviation

Currently we are living in an era of abbreviations. In almost every field of modern societies including government, military, hi-tech areas, and especially Internet communications, linguistic shortcuts have ever grown fast and furiously. Abbreviated words may save time and space and energy, however, may cause confusion and errors. These shortened forms of words or phrases include acronyms, clippings, contractions, blends, symbols and some slangs. Traditionally healthcare fields using rather a long terminology have utilized abbreviations and symbols in repeated and busy practices as well as in medical writings. Here how to make and use abbreviations especially in the field of medicine is reviewed and discussed. In order to coin a new abbreviation in a manuscript, it is advisable to follow certain principles to make an acceptable shortened form.

Los acrónimos deben definirse siempre cuando se usan por primera vez. Respuesta / Acronymus must always be defined when used for the first time: AMADEUS. Reply

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Los acrónimos deben definirse siempre cuando se usan por primera vez / Acronymus must always be defined when used for the first time: AMADEUS

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La invasión de las siglas y acrónimos en las publicaciones científicas: el fenómeno lexicogenésico / The intrusion of acronyms in scientific papers: a new lexicogenic event

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Acrónimos y abreviaturas en la historia clínica / Acronyms and abbreviations in clinical files

Se identifican los acrónimos, siglas y abreviaturas generados en diferentes servicios del hospital, estableciendo criterios unificados de utilización y creando un listado validado por el estamento directivo del centro. Se concluye una excesiva utilización de abreviaturas en las historias clínicas (más de 30 por historia como media), y escasa conciencia por parte de los profesionales de que se esté abusando de ellas. Cambiar hábitos al respecto exige tiempo y perseverancia (AU)

A Case of Anterior Pituitary Agenesis in an Adult Woman / 대한내분비학회지

Dear Author, You have used abbreviations that will need to be defined in the main paper, i.e. PIT1, PROP1 and MRI. This is just for your advice. Pituitary agenesis is an uncommon cause of panhypopituitarism. It has been proposed that breech delivery, or birth trauma, is a major factor causing pituitary agenesis. Recent studies have suggested that genetic defects in the PIT1 or PROP1 gene might be involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary agenesis. In this case we report on the diagnosis of a 33-years old female patient with-growth retardation and sexual infantilism. We diagnosed anterior pituitary hormones deficiencies, with the exception of adrenocorticotropic hormone, by a combined pituitary stimulation test. We observed pituitary agenesis using sella MRI. Involvement of the PIT1 or PROP1 genes in this case remains to be determined. Here we report a case of pituitary agenesis found in an adult woman together with a brief review about this disease entity.

Molecular Mechanisms of Neutrophil Activation in Acute Lung Injury / 결핵

ABBREVIATIONS: Akt/PKB protein kinase B, ALI acute lung injury, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, CREB C-AMP response element binding protein, ERK extracelluar signal-related kinase, fMLP fMet-Leu-Phe, G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL interleukin, ILK integrin-linked kinase, JNK Jun N-terminal kinase, LPS lipopolysaccharide, MAP mitogen-activated protein, MEK MAP/ERK kinase, MIP-2 macrophage inflammatory protein-2, MMP matrix metalloproteinase, MPO myeloperoxidase, NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NE neutrophil elastase, NF-kappaB nuclear factor-kappa B, NOS nitric oxide synthase, p38 MAPK p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, PAF platelet activating factor, PAKs p21-activated kinases, PMN polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PI3-K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PyK proline-rich tyrosine kinase, ROS reactive oxygen species, TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha.